Silicon Element in Periodic Table | Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Silicon Element:

Silicon is the chemical element and it is a member of group 14 and period 3 in the periodic table. Atomic number of silicon is 14 and indicated by symbol Si. It is a metalloid. After oxygen, silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It makes up 27.7 percent of Earth’s crust. Si  is the seventh most abundant element in the universe. It very rarely occurs as the pure element in nature. Si is always combined with one or more other elements as a compound. Naturally occurring silicon contains three stable isotopes ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si.

Uses:

Silicon is a very useful element and vital to many industries.

• Silicon  is often used to prepare alloys such as aluminum and ferro-silicon. These are used to make dynamo and transformer plates, engine blocks, cylinder heads and machine tools and to deoxidise steel.
• Si is a very important component in microelectronics and computer chips.
• It is also widely used to make synthetic polymers called silicones.
• Silicon dioxide (sand) and aluminum silicate (clay) are used to make concrete and cement.
• Si is very important element to plant life but its use in animal cells is uncertain.  Silica is present in plants in the form of small particles called Phytoliths.  While plants perish on death, Phytoliths continue to remain unaffected for centuries. Hence, Silicon in the form of phytoliths is helpful in studying evolutionary phenomenon.

Silicon Element: Information:

Discovery year: 1823

Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Atomic number: 14

Relative atomic mass: 28.085 

Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s² 3p²

Block: p-block

Other elements in the same block:

Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Aluminum, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton, Indium, Tin, Antimony, Tellurium, Iodine, Xenon, Thallium, Lead, Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine, Radon, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine and Oganesson are the same block elements.

Period: period 3

Other elements in the same Period:

Sodium, Magnesium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon

Group: group 14 (carbon group)

Other elements in the same Group:

Carbon, Germanium, Tin, Lead and Flerovium are the same group elements.

Other elements in the same Orbital:

Aluminum, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon are the elements in the same orbital.

Allotropes: none

Key isotopes: ²⁸Si, ³⁰Si 

Melting point: 1414°C, 2577°F, 1687 K

Boiling point: 3265°C, 5909°F, 3538 K

Element category: metalloid

Density  (g cm⁻³): 2.3296

CAS number: 7440-21-3

Color: crystaline

You can know detailed information for each element,

Hydrogen, Helium, LithiumBeryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine,  Neon , Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton,  Rubidium, Strontium, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin, Antimony, Tellurium, Iodine, Xenon,  Caesium, Barium, Lanthanum,  Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Thallium, Lead, Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine, Radon,  Francium, Radium, Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium, Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine, Oganesson.