Germanium Element in Periodic Table | Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Germanium Element:

Germanium is the chemical element and it is a member of group 14 and period 4 in the periodic table. Atomic number of silicon is 32 and is indicated by the symbol Ge. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, greyish- white a metalloid. Germanium's abundance in the Earth's crust is approximately 1.6 ppm.  Germanium contains 5 natural isotopes and also 19 artificial isotopes created in laboratory. Natural isotopes are ⁷⁴Ge, ⁷²Ge, ⁷³Ge, ⁷⁹Ge, ⁷⁶Ge.

Germanium Element Uses:

• The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. And it is also used  in  thousands of electronic applications.
• Germanium oxide has a high index of refraction and dispersion. This makes it especially useful for wide-angle camera lenses and objective lenses for microscopes.
• It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
• It is also used infrared spectroscopes

Germanium Element Information:

Discovery year: 1886 

Discovered by:Clemens Winkler 

Atomic number: 32

Relative atomic mass: 72.630  

Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

Block: p-block

Other elements in the same block:

Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Gallium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton, Indium, Tin, Antimony, Tellurium, Iodine, Xenon, Thallium, Lead, Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine, Radon, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine and Oganesson are the same block elements.

Period: period 4

Other elements in the same period:

Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Gallium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine and Krypton.

Group: group 14 (carbon group)

Other elements in the same group:

Carbon, Silicon, Tin, Lead and Flerovium are the same group elements.

Other elements in the same orbital:

Gallium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine and Krypton are the elements in the same orbital.

Allotropes: none

Key isotopes: ⁷³Ge, ⁷⁴Ge 

Melting point: 938.25°C, 1720.85°F, 1211.4 K 

Boiling point: 2833°C, 5131°F, 3106 K 

Element category: metalloid

Density (g cm⁻³): 5.3234 

CAS number: 7440-56-4

Color: grayish-white

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Hydrogen, Helium, LithiumBeryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine,  Neon , Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton,  Rubidium, Strontium, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin, Antimony, Tellurium, Iodine, Xenon,  Caesium, Barium, Lanthanum,  Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Thallium, Lead, Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine, Radon,  Francium, Radium, Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium, Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine, Oganesson.